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In the heart of Turkey lies Cappadocia, a mesmerizing region known for its otherworldly landscapes and rich history. Its dramatic scenery, shaped by ancient volcanic eruptions and centuries of erosion, features towering fairy chimneys, winding canyons, and breathtaking rock formations that feel almost surreal.
Visitors can explore centuries-old cave dwellings, hike through stunning canyons, or ride horseback along scenic trails. One of the most iconic experiences is soaring above the landscape in a hot air balloon at sunrise, offering a bird’s-eye view of this extraordinary destination. Whether you’re seeking adventure or cultural exploration, there are countless things to do in Cappadocia. Keep reading to discover the best experiences this unique region has to offer.
How to Get to Cappadocia
Getting to Cappadocia depends on your starting location and travel preferences. Here are some common ways of getting to Cappadocia:
Air: Flying is the fastest and most convenient way to reach Cappadocia. The nearest airports are Kayseri Erkilet Airport (ASR) and Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV), which offer frequent flights from Istanbul and other major Turkish cities. The flight from Istanbul takes approximately 1 hour and 50 minutes. Upon arrival, you can take a shuttle (recommended for budget travelers) or a taxi (more expensive but direct) to your accommodation, with transfers typically taking 45 minutes to 1 hour.
Bus: Long-distance buses provide an economical option for traveling to Cappadocia. Major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Antalya have direct bus routes to the region. The journey from Istanbul takes 10 to 12 hours, making overnight buses a popular choice. Companies like Metro Turizm operate comfortable overnight services with reclining seats and onboard amenities.
Train: Although there is a train station in Kayseri, Turkey’s rail network does not provide direct service from Istanbul to Cappadocia. Train travel would require a combination of rail and bus or car transportation, which can be inconvenient. For most travelers, other options are more practical.
Car: If you prefer the flexibility of a road trip, renting a car is a great way to explore Cappadocia at your own pace. The drive from Istanbul takes approximately 7 hours and 30 minutes, with well-maintained highways along the route. Renting a car is especially useful if you plan to visit remote valleys and lesser-known sites outside of Göreme. However, parking in popular areas can be limited, so plan accordingly.
Organized Tours: For those who prefer a hassle-free experience, organized tours from Istanbul and other cities offer transportation, accommodation, and guided excursions. These tours are a great option for solo travelers looking to join a group and make the most of their time in Cappadocia without the stress of planning logistics.
How to Get Around Cappadocia
Getting around Cappadocia is relatively easy, but transportation options can vary based on your preferences and the areas you want to explore. Here are some ways to get around Cappadocia:
Walking: Many of the towns within Cappadocia are walkable, especially Göreme. Walking is a great way to take in the unique landscape and discover hidden gems. The town is just a 10-minute walk from most of Göreme’s cave hotels.
Biking: Renting a bicycle is another popular option, especially if you want to cover a bit more ground than you would on foot or wish to explore neighboring towns. Some hotels and guesthouses offer bicycle rentals or you can find rental shops in town.
Local Buses: Cappadocia has a local bus network that connects different towns and villages within the region. These buses are an affordable option for getting around, but their schedules might be limited, especially in more remote areas.
Taxis: Taxis are available in most towns and are one of the best ways to get around Cappadocia. They’re convenient and affordable, just make sure to negotiate a rate beforehand. You’ll also need cash for payment. There is a taxi stand (hours of operation limited) in Göreme or you can have your hotel call one for you. Rideshare apps like Uber are not available in Cappadocia.
Guided Tours: Joining guided tours can be a hassle-free way to explore Cappadocia’s attractions, especially if you’re interested in visiting specific sites or areas that might be harder to reach independently. There are various tours available, including those focused on historical sites, hiking, hot air ballooning, and more. Most hotels offer the same tour packages including the popular Red and Green tours. Each color represents a group of different experiences:
The Red Tour in Cappadocia includes the Göreme Open Air Museum, Uchisar Castle, Love Valley, Devrent Valley, Pasabag, and Avanos pottery workshop. The Red Tour is probably the most popular and if you are set on a tour and only have one day in Cappadocia then I would choose this one. However, many of its destinations can be visited on your own.
The Green Tour generally includes Derinkuyu Underground City, Ihlara Valley, Göreme Panorama Point, Selime Monastery, and Pigeon Valley. Many of these destinations are a bit farther away from Göreme and taxis can add up fast. A tour is a good way to save money and cover a lot of ground in a short amount of time.
Rental Car: Renting a car can give you the most flexibility to explore Cappadocia at your own pace. However, be prepared for driving on sometimes narrow and winding roads. Many of the cave hotels are located on dirt roads up steep hillsides. I watched taxis that drive these roads regularly struggle and I wouldn’t recommend attempting it. However, I assume the hotels must have a car park or something of the sort in town for their guests.
Best Time to Visit Cappadocia
The best time to visit Cappadocia depends on the type of experience you’re seeking. Capadoccia has warm/hot summers and cold winters, sometimes with significant snowfall. If you’re interested in experiencing the hot air balloons, keep in mind that they are heavily weather-dependent and can be affected by wind conditions.
Spring (April to June): Spring is considered one of the best times to visit Cappadocia. You can expect warm days and cool nights. The weather is generally mild, with comfortable temperatures for outdoor activities and sightseeing. The landscape is lush making it a great time for photography and hiking.
Summer (July to August): Summers in Cappadocia are hot and dry but not unbearable. There are a few weeks (typically starting in late July) when temperatures may reach 100°F (38°C). Summer is still a popular time for tourists, however, the heat might make outdoor activities less enjoyable during the peak of the day. Early mornings and evenings can be more pleasant for exploring.
Fall (September to October): Fall is another fantastic time to visit Cappadocia. The weather starts to cool down, making it more comfortable for outdoor activities. You’ll see sunny days and cool nights. The fall foliage adds a beautiful touch to the landscape, and the tourist crowds are generally thinner compared to spring and summer.
Winter (November to February): Cappadocia experiences cold winters with snowfall. Winter can be a unique and peaceful time to visit if you’re interested in experiencing a different side of the region. The snowy landscape and fewer tourists can create a magical atmosphere. Hot air balloon rides might be limited due to weather conditions, but you can still explore the underground cities and other indoor attractions.
I visited Cappadocia in November, and it was an excellent time to go. Mornings and evenings were chilly, but daytime temperatures were pleasant with some sunshine. The region was far less crowded, making it easier to explore without the usual tourist rush. I also found great deals on flights and hotels, which was a huge plus. November can be a bit of a gamble though. I was lucky—the hot air balloons launched every day during my visit. However, the week before, there had been some rainfall, which grounded flights.
How Many Days in Cappadocia
The ideal number of days to spend in Cappadocia depends on your interests and travel pace. Most travelers find that 2 to 3 days provide a well-rounded experience. Two days allow you to see the main sights, including the Göreme Open-Air Museum, underground cities, and a hot air balloon ride (weather permitting). However, I believe three days is the perfect amount of time, giving you a chance to explore more leisurely and take in additional activities like hiking in Love Valley or visiting lesser-known cave churches.
If you enjoy longer treks, such as those in Ihlara Valley or Rose Valley, or if you plan to visit sites further from the main tourist areas, adding an extra day is a great idea. Additionally, if you’re visiting during a season when the weather can be unpredictable, consider staying an extra night to increase your chances of experiencing a hot air balloon flight, as cancellations due to wind or rain are common.
Things to Do in Cappadocia
Cappadocia offers a range of activities and attractions that cater to various interests. The following are some of the most popular things to do in Cappadocia:
1. Explore Göreme Open-Air Museum
Göreme Open-Air Museum provides a look into Cappadocia’s rich history and is one of the region’s most significant cultural sites. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it features an extensive collection of rock-cut churches, monasteries, and chapels, many of which are adorned with remarkably well-preserved frescoes dating back to the Byzantine period.
The site is often described as an “open-air museum” because the religious structures are carved directly into the soft volcanic rock, creating a unique architectural landscape. During periods of religious persecution, early Christian communities sought refuge in Cappadocia, using these cave churches and monastic complexes as places of worship and sanctuary. Today, the Göreme Open-Air Museum remains a must-visit attraction, offering a glimpse into the region’s spiritual and artistic heritage.
2. Hike Cappadocia’s Valleys
Hiking is one of the most rewarding things to do in Cappadocia, offering an up-close look at the region’s surreal landscapes and unique rock formations. If you’re seeking a more active adventure, exploring Cappadocia’s trails is a must. The area features routes suitable for all skill levels, from easy scenic walks to more challenging treks. Some of the most popular hiking trails in Cappadocia include Rose Valley, Red Valley, Love Valley, and Pigeon Valley, each offering breathtaking views and distinct geological features.
Rose Valley: One of the most famous hiking spots in Cappadocia, Rose Valley is named for the soft pink hues its rock formations take on at sunset. The trail winds through cave churches, tunnels, and scenic viewpoints, making it a picturesque experience.
Red Valley: Known for its deep red rock formations, Red Valley offers some of the best panoramic views in Cappadocia. The trail leads through dramatic landscapes and features hidden cave churches with well-preserved frescoes.
Love Valley: This trail is famous for its distinctive phallic-shaped rock formations. The hike is moderately challenging and provides fantastic photo opportunities, especially at sunrise or sunset.
Pigeon Valley: Named for the numerous pigeon houses carved into the cliffs, this trail connects Göreme and Uchisar, offering a mix of historical and natural sights along the way. It’s a great option for a moderate, scenic walk.
3. Visit Avanos Town
Avanos is a charming town in Cappadocia, known for its rich tradition of pottery and ceramics. The town’s pottery-making dates back thousands of years, and today, you’ll find numerous workshops and studios where local artisans continue to craft unique, handcrafted pieces using traditional techniques. For a hands-on experience, visitors can try their hand at pottery, creating their own piece of art to take home.
In addition to pottery, Avanos is also known for its lively weekly market, held every Friday. Here, you can wander through rows of stalls offering a wide range of goods, from fresh produce and aromatic spices to intricate carpets and local textiles. The market provides a fantastic opportunity to immerse yourself in the local culture, interact with friendly vendors, and pick up some authentic souvenirs. It’s an excellent addition to your list of things to do in Cappadocia.
4. Visit Underground Cities
Kaymakli and Derinkuyu are two of the most impressive underground cities in Cappadocia, offering a fascinating glimpse into the region’s ancient history. These subterranean complexes were carved into the soft volcanic rock and served as shelters and defensive structures during periods of invasion. Exploring them is one of the most unique things to do in Cappadocia.
I visited Kaymakli Underground City, which consists of multiple levels—estimated to be around eight to ten stories deep—though only a portion is open to visitors. The network of tunnels, passageways, and chambers reveals a self-sufficient underground world. Rooms were designed for various functions, including living quarters, kitchens, stables, storage areas, wineries, and chapels. The sheer scale and complexity of Kaymakli highlight the ingenuity of its ancient inhabitants.
A word of caution: If you suffer from claustrophobia, you may want to skip this experience. Some tunnels are extremely narrow and low-ceilinged. Large tour groups can cause congestion, making it feel quite confined. At times, movement can come to a complete stop, which may be uncomfortable for those prone to anxiety. To avoid crowds, I highly recommend visiting early in the morning or later in the afternoon for a more enjoyable experience.
5. Hot Air Balloon Ride
A hot air balloon ride is one of the most unforgettable things to do in Cappadocia, offering a breathtaking perspective of the region’s fairy chimneys, valleys, and rock formations. Drifting above the landscape at sunrise is truly a once-in-a-lifetime experience. It was my first time in a hot air balloon, and I can confidently say it exceeded all expectations—I highly recommend it. For a safe and enjoyable flight, Discovery Balloons is an excellent choice, known for its 100% safety record and experienced pilots.
If a balloon ride is at the top of your Cappadocia itinerary, it’s important to consider the weather when planning your trip. Flights are dependent on weather conditions, and if it’s too windy or rainy, they won’t take off. To increase your chances of flying, schedule your ride for the first morning of your visit so you have the flexibility to reschedule if needed.
6. Watch the Sunrise from a Rooftop
Watching the hot air balloons ascend over Cappadocia is a magical experience and a fantastic way to start your day. As the sun rises, the sky fills with dozens of colorful balloons drifting through the skies, creating an unforgettable scene.
Many cave hotels in Cappadocia offer rooftop terraces where guests can watch the balloons take off, and some even provide beautifully arranged setups with traditional carpets and pillows, perfect for capturing stunning photos. Two of the most popular spots are Sultan Cave Suites and Mithra Cave Hotel, both known for their panoramic views and picturesque rooftop settings.
Even if you don’t book a stay at these hotels, there are plenty of viewpoints around Göreme where you can enjoy the spectacle for free.
7. Explore Uchisar Castle
Uchisar Castle is one of the most iconic landmarks in Cappadocia and the highest point in the region, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding valleys. Perched high on a rocky outcrop, the castle has served as a natural fortress for centuries. Its labyrinth of tunnels, chambers, and passageways were carved directly into the rock and used for shelter, storage, and defense throughout history.
Climbing to the top of Uchisar Castle rewards visitors with unmatched 360-degree views of Cappadocia’s landscapes, including Pigeon Valley, Love Valley, and Mount Erciyes in the distance. It’s a perfect spot to catch a sunset or admire the region’s unique topography from above.
8. Book a Balloon Photoshoot
Booking a photoshoot in Cappadocia is an unforgettable experience. I had the pleasure of working with Murat Koksal, a highly skilled photographer known for capturing the region’s magic. It was one of my favorite things to do in Cappadocia, and the entire experience was seamless. Murat and his team were incredibly professional and kind, making the morning both fun and relaxed.
Beyond the stunning photos, the session took me to lesser-known scenic locations that I may not have discovered on my own. Timing and location are everything when photographing the hot air balloons, and if you want truly breathtaking shots, hiring a professional is a must.
For those looking to elevate their shoot, Cappadocia Rental Dresses in Göreme offers stunning flowing gowns perfect for the occasion. The owner, Sedef, has an incredible collection, making it easy to find the perfect dress for that fairy-tale Cappadocia moment.
9. Zelve Open-Air Museum
Zelve Open-Air Museum is a fascinating historical site in Cappadocia, offering a glimpse into the region’s ancient past. Unlike the Göreme Open-Air Museum, Zelve features a more expansive network of interconnected valleys, filled with rock-cut dwellings, monasteries, and churches carved directly into the soft volcanic rock.
This former monastic settlement dates back to the Byzantine period and was once home to monks and religious communities who sought solitude in the rugged landscape. Over time, Zelve evolved into a thriving village, inhabited until the 1950s when erosion made the site unsafe for residents.
Today, visitors can explore the abandoned dwellings and admire the simple yet intriguing rock churches. Unlike Göreme, Zelve tends to be less crowded, making it a fantastic place to wander at your own pace and take in the breathtaking scenery.
10. Visit a Carpet Shop
Exploring local markets and shops is a fantastic way to immerse yourself in Cappadocia’s culture while picking up unique souvenirs. The region is known for its handwoven textiles, fragrant spices, intricate handicrafts, and beautifully crafted carpets.
Cappadocia has a rich history of carpet weaving, with artisans using traditional techniques and natural materials to create stunning pieces. Handmade carpets and rugs can be found in shops across the region, but Göreme and Avanos are particularly popular for carpet shopping. Some shops, such as Sultan Carpets, not only sell exquisite rugs but also offer photography-friendly setups—if you’re hoping for that perfect shot, be sure to make a reservation in advance.
11. Discover Pasabag (Monks Valley)
Pasabag, also known as Monks Valley, is famous for its towering fairy chimneys, some of which have distinctive mushroom-shaped caps formed by millions of years of natural erosion. These geological formations create an almost otherworldly landscape, making Pasabag a must-visit for photographers and nature lovers alike.
Visitors can follow well-marked trails that weave through the valley, allowing for easy exploration at their own pace. Some of the fairy chimneys even contain ancient monastic dwellings and chapels, once used by hermit monks seeking solitude. Whether you’re admiring the formations up close or taking in the views, Pasabag is an essential stop on any list of things to do in Cappadocia.
12. Go Horseback Riding
Horseback riding in Cappadocia is an unforgettable way to experience the region’s landscapes. Often called the “Land of Beautiful Horses,” Cappadocia has a long history of horseback culture, and exploring its valleys on horseback allows you to see areas that are otherwise difficult to reach.
There are guided tours available for all experience levels, from beginners to advanced riders. One of the most well-known and reputable ranches is Dalton Brothers Horse Ranch, which offers a variety of tours, including sunrise and sunset rides, full-day excursions, and even photoshoots with their beautiful horses.
Where to Eat in Cappadocia
Seten Anatolian Restaurant
Located within Sultan Cave Suites, Seten is one of Cappadocia’s most popular restaurants, offering a refined take on traditional Anatolian cuisine. The menu highlights locally sourced ingredients and features a variety of regional specialties, from slow-cooked meats to flavorful mezes. The restaurant’s atmospheric setting, with stone walls and a terrace overlooking the valleys, makes it an excellent choice for a meal. Live music is often played in the evenings, adding to the experience. If you’re looking for a restaurant that’s as photogenic as it is delicious, this is it.
Pumpkin Restaurant & Art Gallery
A cozy, family-run gem, Pumpkin Restaurant & Art Gallery offers an intimate dining experience in Göreme. The restaurant is best known for its three-course preset dinner menu, featuring classic Turkish dishes like pottery kebabs, soups, and seasonal appetizers. They also offer a few pasta dishes for those looking for variety. The warm hospitality and art-filled interior create a welcoming atmosphere, making it a favorite among visitors. Due to its popularity, reservations are highly recommended.
Cappadocia Pide House
For a casual yet satisfying lunch, Cappadocia Pide House is a great choice. The restaurant features a large outdoor patio and a diverse menu, with pide—a Turkish take on pizza—being the highlight. Whether you prefer a classic cheese pide or one topped with meat and vegetables, this spot offers an affordable meal in a relaxed setting.
Dibek Restaurant
If you’re looking for an authentic Turkish dining experience, Dibek Restaurant is a must-visit. Known for its pottery kebabs, this dish is cooked and served in a sealed clay pot, locking in the flavors. The staff cracks open the pot right at your table.
The restaurant’s setting is just as special—meals are served on the floor around low tables, in keeping with traditional Anatolian dining customs. The 475-year-old building that houses Dibek was originally a stable, giving the space a unique charm. Reservations are recommended, especially for dinner.
Where to Stay in Cappadocia
Cappadocia offers a range of accommodation options to suit different budgets. The best place to stay in Cappadocia depends on the type of experience you’re seeking and the activities you want to do. The two most popular towns are Göreme and Uchisar.
Göreme: This is one of the most popular towns in Cappadocia and a great base for exploring the region. It’s generally known as the tourist hub. Göreme offers a variety of accommodation options, including boutique hotels, cave hotels, and guesthouses. It’s centrally located and provides easy access to attractions like the Göreme Open-Air Museum.
Uchisar: Uçhisar is known for its impressive rock castle and offers stunning panoramic views of Cappadocia. It’s a quieter option compared to Göreme and offers a range of accommodation choices, including luxury hotels and charming guesthouses.
Cavusin: Cavuşin is a small, historic town within Göreme National Park, offering a more remote and tranquil experience compared to busier parts of Cappadocia. Cavuşin is conveniently located next to the hot air balloon launch site, making it an excellent place to stay if you want to wake up to a breathtaking view of balloons in the sky.
Urgup: Urgup is a lively town in Cappadocia known for its bazaars, historic architecture, and wine culture. It’s a great choice for those who enjoy boutique shopping, fine dining, and a bit of nightlife. Accommodations in Urgup range from luxury cave hotels to charming traditional guesthouses, offering something for every budget.
Ortahisar: For those seeking a quieter and more authentic experience in Cappadocia, Ortahisar is a great choice. This lesser-known town offers a peaceful retreat away from the crowds. Accommodations and dining options tend to be more budget-friendly compared to the more tourist-heavy areas.
Keep in mind that Cappadocia is a popular tourist destination, so it’s a good idea to book your accommodation well in advance, especially if you plan to visit during peak seasons. The following are great hotel options, all located in Göreme:
Sultan Cave Suites offers luxurious cave rooms with stunning panoramic views of Göreme and the surrounding landscape. This boutique hotel is known for its friendly staff, excellent service, and convenient location near the heart of Göreme. Guests enjoy the unique experience of staying in a cave room while benefiting from modern amenities.
Mithra Cave Hotel is a family-run cave hotel offering warm hospitality and cozy rooms carved into the rock. Known for its budget-friendly pricing, this hotel doesn’t sacrifice comfort or charm. It’s an excellent option for travelers seeking a more affordable, yet authentic, stay in Cappadocia without compromising the cave hotel experience.
Local Cave House is a historic cave turned boutique hotel, offering beautifully restored rooms. This property provides a unique experience for those looking to stay in a cave hotel with high-end touches. Guests can enjoy a fantastic breakfast and take advantage of its swimming pool (one of the few in the area), making it a great place to relax after a day of sightseeing.
Cappadocia Cave Suites offers a unique blend of traditional decor and modern amenities, providing guests with a comfortable stay. The hotel is centrally located in Göreme, offering stunning views of the hot-air balloons that fill the sky at sunrise. It’s a fantastic choice for travelers looking for a memorable cave hotel experience with easy access to local attractions. I split my time between this hotel and Local Cave House.
Tips & Other Things to Know
- Bring cash: While many restaurants and tour agencies accept cards, cash is essential for taxis, buses, and some smaller establishments. ATMs are available, but the exchange rates and withdrawal fees can be high. It’s recommended to convert your money in Istanbul or a larger city to avoid these extra costs.
- Book early: Secure your accommodations, tours, and activities ahead of time, especially during peak seasons (spring and fall). Popular sites and experiences, such as the hot air balloons, can fill up quickly.
- Hot air balloon planning: To maximize your chances of experiencing a hot air balloon ride, plan it for your first day in Cappadocia. Balloon flights are weather-dependent, and if the conditions are unfavorable, you can reschedule later in your trip.
Have you been to Turkey? Is there something I should add to this list of things to do in Cappadocia? If you’ve enjoyed this post, please leave a comment or share using the social media buttons below. Interested in exploring another destination rich in history? Continue to my post, “Ultimate Guide & 6 Best Things to Do in AlUla“.
Cappadocia is definitely on our travel wish list. I knew that a hot air balloon was the big thing to do on a visit. But I did not realize there were so many other things to see and do. A tour might be a good way to see several things. Need to move this up on the travel planning board.
Turkey is one of my fav countries. Highly recommend a trip!
Cappadocia has attracted me for many years. I always wanted to stay in one of the cave hotels. The images of the balloons rising in the morning are breathtaking.
It’s such a magical place!
I’ve always wanted to Cappadocia! I really love all your stunning images and appreciate this listicle of top things to do in the area. I’ll be saving this guide for a future trip.
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it.
Your photos look great! Cappadocia is really high on my travel wish list. I am worried it might be crowded, so I haven’t been yet…
Thank you! Look into going in the off-season. There weren’t huge crowds when I went but the weather can be a risk.