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Nestled in the heart of Turkey is a captivating region that beckons travelers with its unworldly landscapes and rich history. The vistas of Cappadocia seem plucked from the pages of a fairy tale. Ancient volcanic eruptions and years of erosion have created whimsical fairy chimneys, canyons, and awe-inspiring rock formations. However, Capadoccia offers much more than incredible views. There is truly something for everyone; from the uber-relaxed to the most adventurous. Explore ancient cave dwellings, go horseback riding, or take in the views from the sky in one of Cappadocia’s iconic hot air balloons. Continue reading to discover the best things to do in Cappadocia.
How to Get to Cappadocia
Getting to Cappadocia depends on your starting location and travel preferences. Here are some common methods of getting to Cappadocia:
Air: The best way to get to Cappadocia is by air. The nearest major airports to Cappadocia are Kayseri Erkilet Airport (ASR) and Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV). You can find flights from Istanbul and other major cities in Turkey to these airports. The flight from Istanbul is about 1 hr 50 min. Once you land, you can take a shuttle or taxi to Cappadocia, which is about an hour away.
Bus: There are long-distance buses that operate from various cities in Turkey to Cappadocia. These buses are comfortable and provide an economical option for traveling to the region. Major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Antalya have direct bus connections to Cappadocia. The bus trip from Istanbul takes about 10 -12 hours and offers an overnight option. Metro Turizm is one company that offers overnights.
Train: While there is a train station in Kayseri, the train network in Turkey is not that extensive and there is no direct train from Istanbul to Cappadocia. It would be necessary to combine train travel with other modes of transportation. In my opinion, it would be more of a hassle than it’s worth.
Car: If you prefer driving, you can rent a car and take a road trip to Cappadocia. The drive from Istanbul is about 7 hr 30 min. The roads are generally well-maintained, and driving can give you the flexibility to explore the region at your own pace. See below for more regarding driving in Cappadocia.
Organized Tours: Many tour operators offer package tours to Cappadocia from major tourist destinations in Turkey. These tours usually include transportation, accommodation, and guided tours of the area. This can be a great option for those traveling solo who wish to join a group.
How to Get Around Cappadocia
Getting around Cappadocia is relatively easy, but transportation options can vary based on your preferences and the areas you want to explore. Here are some ways to get around Cappadocia:
Walking: Many of the towns within Cappadocia are walkable, especially Göreme. Walking is a great way to take in the unique landscape up close and discover hidden gems. The town is just a 10-minute walk from most of Göreme’s cave hotels.
Biking: Renting a bicycle is another popular option, especially if you want to cover a bit more ground than you would on foot or wish to explore neighboring towns. Some hotels and guesthouses offer bicycle rentals or you can find rental shops in town.
Local Buses: Cappadocia has a local bus network that connects different towns and villages within the region. These buses are an affordable option for getting around, but their schedules might be limited, especially in more remote areas.
Taxis: Taxis are available in most towns and are one of the best ways to get around Cappadocia. They’re convenient and affordable, just make sure to negotiate a rate beforehand. You’ll also need cash for payment. There is a taxi stand (hours of operation limited) in Göreme or you can have your hotel call one for you. Rideshare apps like Uber are not available in Cappadocia.
Guided Tours: Joining guided tours can be a hassle-free way to explore Cappadocia’s attractions, especially if you’re interested in visiting specific sites or areas that might be harder to reach independently. There are various tours available, including those focused on historical sites, hiking, hot air ballooning, and more. Most hotels offer the same tour packages including the popular Red and Green tours. Each color represents a group of different experiences:
The Red Tour in Cappadocia includes the Göreme Open Air Museum, Uchisar Castle, Love Valley, Devrent Valley, Pasabag, and Avanos pottery workshop. The Red Tour is probably the most popular tour and if you are set on a tour and only have one day in Cappadocia then I would choose this one, however many of its destinations can be visited on your own.
The Green Tour generally includes Derinkuyu Underground City, Ihlara Valley, Göreme Panorama Point, Selime Monastery, and Pigeon Valley. Many of these destinations are a bit farther away from Göreme and taxis can add up fast. A tour is a good way to save money and cover a lot of ground in a short amount of time.
Rental Car: Renting a car can give you the most flexibility to explore Cappadocia at your own pace. However, be prepared for driving on sometimes narrow and winding roads. Many of the cave hotels are located on dirt roads up steep hillsides. I watched taxis that drive these roads regularly struggle and I wouldn’t recommend attempting it. However, I assume the hotels must have a car park or something of the sort in town for their guests.
Best Time to Visit Cappadocia
The best time to visit Cappadocia depends on the type of experience you’re seeking. Capadoccia has warm/hot summers and cold winters, sometimes with significant snowfall. If you’re interested in experiencing the hot air balloons, keep in mind that they are heavily weather-dependent and can be affected by wind conditions.
Spring (April to June): Spring is considered one of the best times to visit Cappadocia. You can expect warm days and cool nights. The weather is generally mild, with comfortable temperatures for outdoor activities and sightseeing. The landscape is lush making it a great time for photography and hiking.
Summer (July to August): Summers in Cappadocia are hot and dry but not unbearable. There are a few weeks (typically starting in late July) when temperatures may reach 38°C (100°F). Summer is still a popular time for tourists, however, the heat might make outdoor activities less enjoyable during the peak of the day. Early mornings and evenings can be more pleasant for exploring.
Fall (September to October): Fall is another fantastic time to visit Cappadocia. The weather starts to cool down, making it more comfortable for outdoor activities. You’ll see sunny days and cool nights. The fall foliage adds a beautiful touch to the landscape, and the tourist crowds are generally thinner compared to spring and summer.
Winter (November to February): Cappadocia experiences cold winters with snowfall. Winter can be a unique and peaceful time to visit if you’re interested in experiencing a different side of the region. The snowy landscape and fewer tourists can create a magical atmosphere. Hot air balloon rides might be limited due to weather conditions, but you can still explore the underground cities and other indoor attractions.
I visited in November and it was perfect. Mornings/evenings were quite chilly but the days were pleasant and still saw the sun. There were few tourists and I found great flight and hotel deals. I got very lucky and the balloons went up every day of my visit but the week prior there was some rainfall. So, it is a bit of a gamble.
How Many Days in Cappadocia
The number of days you should spend in Cappadocia depends on your interests and travel pace. Generally, most travelers find that spending 2 to 3 days in Cappadocia allows for a well-rounded experience. Two days will allow you to see the main sights but I believe 3 days to be the perfect amount of time.
You may want a bit more time if you wish to do longer treks or explore areas a bit further away. You may also want to consider an extra day in seasons where the weather may prohibit the balloons from going up.
Things to Do in Cappadocia
Cappadocia offers a wide range of activities and attractions that cater to various interests. The following are some of the most popular things to do in Cappadocia:
1. Explore Göreme Open-Air Museum
Göreme Open-Air Museum offers a fascinating glimpse into Cappadocia’s history. This UNESCO World Heritage Site features rock-cut churches, monasteries, and chapels adorned with intricate frescoes dating back to the Byzantine period.
It’s often referred to as an “open-air museum” because the historical structures are carved directly into the rock. The ancient structures were used by early Christians to practice their faith in relative seclusion during times of religious persecution.
2. Hike Cappadocia’s Valleys
Hiking in Cappadocia is a wonderful way to experience the unique landscapes, rock formations, and historical sites that the region is known for. If you’re looking for something more active on this list of things to do in Cappadocia then this is it. The diverse trails cater to different skill levels and interests, providing opportunities for both leisurely strolls and more challenging treks. Rose Valley, Red Valley, Love Valley, and Pigeon Valley are popular trails with spectacular views.
Rose Valley: This is one of the most popular hiking areas in Cappadocia. The valley is named after the pink hues that its rock formations take on during sunset.
Red Valley: Known for its vibrant red hues, this valley offers panoramic views of Cappadocia. The trail winds through unique rock formations and leads to hidden churches carved into the rock.
Love Valley: This valley is characterized by its distinctive phallic-shaped rock formations. The trail offers a moderate hike with fantastic views and photo opportunities.
Pigeon Valley: Named after the countless pigeon houses carved into the cliffs, this valley features a trail that connects Göreme to Uchisar.
3. Visit Avanos Town
Avanos is a charming town in the Cappadocia region. It’s famous for its pottery and ceramics. The town has a centuries-old tradition of pottery-making, and you’ll find numerous workshops and studios where artisans create and sell their unique pieces. You can try your hand at pottery and purchase handcrafted items.
Every Friday, Avanos has a vibrant local market where you can explore and purchase a variety of goods, including produce, spices, and carpets. The market is a great place to experience the local culture.
4. Visit Underground Cities
Kaymakli and Derinkuyu are two of the most well-known and preserved underground cities in Cappadocia. These subterranean complexes were carved into the soft rock and used as shelter and defensive structures during times of danger. They offer a unique look into ancient life.
I visited Kaymakli Underground City. The underground city consists of multiple levels, estimated to be around 8 to 10 levels deep, although not all levels are open to visitors. The complex includes a network of tunnels, passageways, chambers, and rooms. These spaces were designated for various functions, such as living quarters, kitchens, stables, storage rooms, wineries, and chapels.
If you suffer from claustrophobia, you should probably skip this activity. The tunnels can get crowded with large tour groups and at times, people completely stop moving. I felt very stuck and my anxiety got to me a bit. I would suggest being among the first in the morning or visiting later in the day.
5. Hot Air Balloon Ride
Cappadocia is known for its stunning landscapes and one of the best ways to see these is from a hot air balloon. Drift above the fairy chimneys, valleys, and rock formations during sunrise for a breathtaking experience. It was my first time in a hot air balloon and I had an amazing experience. I can’t recommend it enough. You can book a tour with Discovery Balloons here.
If this is a must-do on your list of things to do in Cappadocia, you’ll want to take the weather into account when planning your trip. The balloons are entirely weather dependent and if there is wind or rain they won’t go up. It’s a good idea to plan your balloon ride for the first day of your visit so you can reschedule if need be.
6. Watch the Sunrise from a Rooftop
Watching the hot air balloons ascend over town is a beautiful sight and the perfect way to start your day. Many of the cave hotels offer rooftop areas to watch the balloons take off as the sun rises. Some even have carpets and pillows set up for that perfect photo op. A couple of the most popular rooftops include Sultan Cave Suites and Mithra Cave Hotel.
7. Explore Uchisar Castle
Uchisar Castle is an iconic landmark in Cappadocia and one of the region’s largest rock formations. It’s perched on a high rocky outcrop and offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding valleys. The unique structure has numerous chambers, tunnels, and passages carved into the rock. These were used for various purposes, including dwellings, storage areas, and defense mechanisms.
8. Book a Balloon Photoshoot
I booked a photoshoot with Murat Koksal and had such a fun morning. It was a favorite on this list of things to do in Cappadocia. Murat is an incredibly talented photographer and his team is professional and kind. I was so happy with my photos and got to visit some locations around Cappadocia that I probably wouldn’t have seen otherwise. Timing/location is everything with the balloons, so if you want great photos, hiring a professional is a must.
Dresses are available for rent in Göreme from Cappadocia Rental Dresses. The owner, Sedef, has a fantastic collection.
9. Zelve Open-Air Museum
Zelve Open-Air Museum features a series of interconnected valleys with numerous cave dwellings, churches, and other structures carved directly into the soft volcanic rock. It was once a thriving settlement that dates back to the Byzantine period. It is believed that monks and religious communities lived in the rock-carved dwellings.
10. Visit a Carpet Shop
Explore local markets and shops for souvenirs textiles, spices, handicrafts, and carpets. Cappadocia has a long history of carpet weaving, and you’ll find many shops in the region that sell handmade carpets and rugs. These carpets are often made using traditional techniques and natural materials. Carpet shops can be found scattered throughout the region but both Göreme and Avanos are popular for carpet shopping. Some of the shops allow and are set up for photography, however, a reservation is recommended.
11. Discover Pasabag (Monks Valley)
Pasabag, also known as Monks Valley, is a unique and captivating destination in Cappadocia. Pasabag is known for its remarkable fairy chimneys, which stand as testaments to millions of years of natural erosion. Visitors can follow well-marked trails that wind through the valley and explore at their own pace.
12. Go Horseback Riding
Horseback riding in Cappadocia offers a unique and memorable way to explore the region’s stunning scenery. There are guided tours suitable for riders of all levels. Dalton Brothers Horse Ranch is one of the largest and well-known ranches in the area. Dalton Brothers offers sunset/sunrise rides, full-day rides, and even photoshoots with their gorgeous horses.
Where to Eat in Cappadocia
Seten Anatolian Restaurant: Seten is located within Sultan Cave Suites. It’s known for its traditional Anatolian cuisine and offers a great selection of dishes made from locally sourced ingredients. The restaurant has a charming atmosphere and often features live music. If you’re looking for something Instagrammable, this is it.
Pumpkin Restaurant & Art Gallery
Pumpkin is a charming, family-run restaurant. A three-course preset menu is available for dinner, or you can order a la carte. The menu is made up of mostly Turkish dishes including, pottery kebabs, but they have some pastas as well. Reservations are recommended.
Cappadocia Pide House
Cappadocia Pide House is great for a casual lunch. The restaurant has a large patio and a good range of menu options, with pide (a Turkish version of pizza) being the main attraction.
Dibek Restaurant
Dibek is known for its authentic Turkish cuisine, including pottery kebabs. Pottery kebabs are what they sound like – a kebab cooked in a clay pot. The clay pot keeps the flavors sealed, resulting in a delicious and aromatic dish. You can’t leave Cappadocia without trying one. Meals are served on the floor around a table in a traditional setting. The building has some cool history as well – it’s 475 years old and was originally used as a stable.
Where to Stay in Cappadocia
Cappadocia offers a range of accommodation options to suit different budgets. The best place to stay in Cappadocia depends on the type of experience you’re seeking and the activities you want to do. The two most popular towns are Göreme and Uchisar.
Göreme: This is one of the most popular towns in Cappadocia and a great base for exploring the region. It’s generally known as the tourist hub. Göreme offers a variety of accommodation options, including boutique hotels, cave hotels, and guesthouses. It’s centrally located and provides easy access to attractions like the Göreme Open-Air Museum.
Uchisar: Uçhisar is known for its impressive rock castle and offers stunning panoramic views of Cappadocia. It’s a quieter option compared to Göreme and offers a range of accommodation choices, including luxury hotels and charming guesthouses.
Cavusin: Cavusin is a small town that is a bit more remote and has a handful of boutique hotels. It’s located within Göreme National Park and sits next to the balloon launch site.
Urgup: This town is known for its vibrant bazaars, historic architecture, and wine culture. Urgup has a mix of accommodations, from luxury cave hotels to traditional guesthouses.
Ortahisar: This lesser-known town offers a quieter and more authentic experience compared to some of the busier areas. It’s a good option if you’re looking for a peaceful retreat. It’s also a bit more budget-friendly.
Keep in mind that Cappadocia is a popular tourist destination, so it’s a good idea to book your accommodation well in advance, especially if you plan to visit during peak seasons. The following are great hotel options, all located in Göreme:
Sultan Cave Suites offers cave rooms with panoramic views of Göreme and the surrounding landscapes. It’s often praised for its friendly staff and convenient location.
Mithra Cave Hotel is a family-run cave hotel, known for its warm hospitality and cozy cave rooms. It’s a more budget-friendly option that doesn’t compromise on comfort.
Local Cave House is a historic cave village turned boutique hotel. The property features beautifully restored cave rooms and offers a blend of luxury and authenticity. The included breakfast is fantastic and it’s also one of the few cave hotels with a pool.
Cappadocia Cave Suites offers cave rooms and suites with traditional decor and modern amenities. It’s centrally located and offers great hot-air balloon views. I split my time between here and Local Cave House.
Tips & Other Things to Know
- Bring cash. Many of the tour agencies in town offer exchange and there are a handful of ATMS but the rates/fees are pricey. I would recommend converting your money while in Istanbul or a larger city. Most restaurants and tours will accept cards but you will need cash for taxis and buses.
- Make sure to secure your booking well ahead of time, particularly during peak seasons.
- Plan your hot air balloon activities for the first day of your trip as a precaution in case weather conditions prohibit them from going up. This strategy ensures that you’ll have a second opportunity at a balloon experience.
Have you been to Turkey? Is there something I should add to this list of things to do in Cappadocia? If you’ve enjoyed this post, please leave a comment or share using the social media buttons below. Interested in exploring another destination rich in history? Continue to my post, “Ultimate Guide & 6 Best Things to Do in AlUla“.
Cappadocia is definitely on our travel wish list. I knew that a hot air balloon was the big thing to do on a visit. But I did not realize there were so many other things to see and do. A tour might be a good way to see several things. Need to move this up on the travel planning board.
Turkey is one of my fav countries. Highly recommend a trip!
Cappadocia has attracted me for many years. I always wanted to stay in one of the cave hotels. The images of the balloons rising in the morning are breathtaking.
It’s such a magical place!
I’ve always wanted to Cappadocia! I really love all your stunning images and appreciate this listicle of top things to do in the area. I’ll be saving this guide for a future trip.
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it.
Your photos look great! Cappadocia is really high on my travel wish list. I am worried it might be crowded, so I haven’t been yet…
Thank you! Look into going in the off-season. There weren’t huge crowds when I went but the weather can be a risk.